Hadisin Manzila

Mene Ne Hadisin Manzila?
Ya zo a babin darajojin imam Ali (a.s) a littattafai masu yawa kamar Sahih Buhari da Sahih Muslim da Masnad Ahmad bn Hanbal, da Tirmizi, da Ibn Majah, cewa Manzon Allah (s.a.w) ya ce da Ali (a.s): “Kai a wajena kamar Haruna (a.s) ne da Musa (a.s), sai dai babu annabi bayana”. Sai ya tabbatar da duk wata alaka da take tsakanin Musa da Harun (a.s) amma domin gudun kada mutane su dauke Ali a matsayin Annabi sai manzo mai hikima ba tare da wata fasila ba sai ya togace annabta daga imam Ali (a.s).
Hadisin manzila "Hadisin Matsayi" Shi ne: Fadin manzon Allah (s.a.w) ga imam Ali (a.s) cewa: "Kai a wurina kamar matsayin Haruna wurin Musa ne, sai dai babu Annabi bayana". Sannan manzon rahama ya fadi wannan hadisi a wurare kamar haka:
1.    Ranar hada 'yan'uwantakar Juna tsakanin sahabbansa
2.    Ranar Badar
3.    Ranar Khaibar
4.    Ranar Tabuka
5.    Ranar Mubahala
6.    Ranar Gadir Khum
Duba littattafai kamar haka; Manakibu Ali bn Abu Dalib: 151, da Kifayatud Dalib: 212. Sannan malamai da masana hadisi masu yawa sun tafi a kan cewa mutawatiri ne, kamar yadda ya zo a cikin; Asnal Madalib: 53, Mishkatul Masabih: 3/1719, Kadful Azharul Mutanasira: 281, da Hidayatul Ukul: 2/41. Kuma Buhari, da Tirmizi, da Muslim, da al'Khawarizimi, da Haskani, da Ahmad bn Hambal, duk sun ruwaito shi: Buhari: 5/81, Tirmizi: 5/640, Buhari: 6/309, Muslimi: 4/1870, Masnad Ahmad: 3/32, 6/396, 1/331.
Ga mai son yin adalci babu wani abu da ya buya na manufar wannan hadisin da kuma ma'anarsa kan cewa; yana son ya isar da sakon jagoranci da halifancin imam Ali (a.s) bayan Annabi (s.a.w) ne. Idan muka duba wannan hadisi da duba na basira da adalci zamu samu yana nuni da wasu abubuwa kamar haka;
Na farko: Matsayin imam Ali (a.s) mai daraja da girma. Na biyu: Cancantarsa ga halifancin Annabi (s.a.w). Na uku: Bayyana cancantarsa da matsayinsa na kasancewarsa halifan Annabi (s.a.w) ban da annabci, musamman a fili ya zo a cikin ruwayar Ahmad cewa; Ba zai yiwu in tafi ba, sai kai kana halifana. Na hudu: Shelanta cewa duk wani matsayi da Haruna (a.s) yake da shi gun Musa (a.s) to shi ma Ali (a.s) yana da shi gun Annabi (s.a.w) sai dai annabta kawai.
Da wadannan dalilai ne ake kiran wannan hadisin da "hadisi manzila" wato; "Hadisin Matsayi". Domin duk wani matsayi na Annabi Harun (a.s) gun Musa (a.s) kamar 'yan'uwantaka, da wazirci, da halifancin al'umma bayansa, da ilimi, da tarayya wurin isar da sako da kira, kamar yadda ya tabbata a yar nan ta Surar Daha: 29/32. Duk sun tabbata ga Ali (a.s) gun Annabi (s.a.w) a wannan hadisin.

Kamar yadda yake bisa ka’idar nan ta ludufin Allah da tausasawarsa ga bayinsa ya zama wajibi a cikin al’umma a samu wanda zai shiryar da ita zuwa ga mafi maslahar rayuwarta ta duniya da lahira, wannan ludufi na Allah kuwa yana nan a kowane zamani da kowane waje, don haka ne ya zama cigaban wannan ludufi yana kasancewa ne da samun wasiyyai da sukan biyo bayan annabawa domin gudun kada al’umma ta karkatar da wannan sako ta gurbata shi, kuma da bukatar da al’umma take da ita na neman haskakawa da iliminsu da haskensu, hada da cewa yana daga ayyukansu su kare shari’a daga gurbata.
Ana kawo dalilai game da wajabcin sanya imami ga mutane bayan wucewar Annabin rahama (s.a.w) kamar haka:
1.    Sanya imami ludufi ne na Allah, shi kuma ludufi wajibi ne ga Allah
2.    Samuwar imami shi ne maslahar al’umma, samar da maslaha ga bayi wajibi ne ga Allah
3.    Kamar yadda mutane suke bukatar annabi (a.s) haka ma suke bukatar imami (a.s), sai dai sakon Manzon Allah (s.a.w) shi ne karshe, don haka shi ne mafi cancanta ya samu masu kiyaye shi don gudun hannun da yake iya gurbata sakon
Bisa wannan dalilai ya zama wajibi ga Allah ya sanya mai gadi, mai kiyayewa, mai fassara, mai bayani ga al’umma da abin da sakon yake kunshe da shi bayan wucewar annabi (s.a.w).
Akwai dalilai da dama daga kur’ani da hadisai da suka zo game da hakan, kamar fadinsa madaukaki: “Kawai kai mai gargadi ne kuma ga kowane mutane (mun sanya) mai shiryarwa” .
Manzon Allah a tafsirin wanann aya yana cewa: “Ni ne mai gargadi Ali kuma mai shiryarwa”. A wata ruwaya fadinsa mai tsira da amincin Allah: “Da ni ne aka yi muku gargadi, da Ali ne aka shiryar da ku” . A wata ruwaya Manzon rahama yana cewa: “Ya Salman wanda ya mutu daga al’ummata kuma ba shi da imami daga cikinsu, ya yi mutuwar jahiliyya” .
Kamar yadda Manzon rahama ya yi bayanin cewa bayansa halifofinsa goma sha biyu ne kuma wannan ruwaya ta zo da littattafai na Ahlussunna masu yawa kamar Sahih Muslim. Sannan kuma a wasu littattafai ya ambaci sunayensu, muna iya kawo misali daga littafin tafsirn Ibn Kasir:
Ya zo a Tafsirin Ibn Kasir a tafsirin aya ta 55 ta Surar Ma’ida cewa: Daga Maimun Dan Mahran daga Ibn Abbas, a fadin Allah mai girma da buwaya. “Kawai majibancin lamarinku (Jagoranku) Shi ne Allah da Manzonsa da wadanda suka yi imani wadanda suke tsayar da Salla suke bayar da Zakka alhalin suna masu ruku’u”. Yana mai cewa: Ta sauka ne game da Muminai kuma Ali Dan Abu Talib (a.s) Shi ne na farkonsu. Wato tana mai nuni da cewa na farkon wadanda za a mika wa wilaya da Shugabanci bayan Allah da Manzonsa shi ne Ali (a.s) Sa’annan masu biyo wa bayansa na daga wasiyyai, kamar yadda zamu ga ta sauka ne a lokacin da ya yi sadakar zobensa alhalin yana cikin ruku’i. Wasu littattafan suna cewa; ta sauka game da muminai Ali (a.s) ne na farkonsu, Mahadi (a.s) na karshensu.
Hada da hadisai da suka zo game da wannan al’amari da suka hada da; hadisuddar, da hadisin wilaya, da hadisin jirgin ruwa, da hadisin aminci, da hadisin sakalain, kuma da hadisul manzila da muke magana a kai.

Hafiz muhamad Sa'id
hfazah@yahoo.com
Haidar Center For Islamic Propagation
Thursday, September 24, 2009